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Ecological Psychology: Creating a More Earth-Friendly Human Nature

Articles
Howard, G. S. (1997). Ecological psychology: Creating a more earth-friendly human nature. (pp. 163 pp.). Notre Dame, IN : University of Notre Dame Press.
Our world now faces several ecological threats (e.g., global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, deforestation, soil poisoning, water pollution, desertification) that could make …

Anti-Litter Procedures in an Urban High-Density Area

Articles
Chapman, C. & Risley, T. R. (1974). Anti-litter procedures in an urban high-density area. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7, 3, 377-383.
Notes that in urban high-density areas, litter has become an increasingly obvious and pervasive problem. In the present study, repeated measures of the amount of litter on randoml…

Application and Evaluation of Strategies to Reduce Pollution: Behavioral Control of Littering in a Football Stadium

Articles
Baltes, M. M. & Hayward, S. C. (1976). Application and evaluation of strategies to reduce pollution: Behavioral control of littering in a football stadium. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 4, 501-506.
Attempted to modify adult littering behavior in a naturalistic setting: the football stadium. Four different treatment strategies were used: (a) an operant contingency in the form…

A Bottle Law: An Informal Look

Articles
Trinkaus, J. (1984). A bottle law: An informal look. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 59, 3, 806.
Conducted observations before and after the passage of a 1983 statute that mandated the payment of a deposit of returnable soft-drink cans and bottles to investigate the effective…

McDonald's Litter Hunt: A Community Litter Control System for Youth

Articles
McNees, M. P. (1979). McDonald's litter hunt: A community litter control system for youth. Environment and Behavior, 11, 1, 131-138.
Describes a program that integrates existing community resources into a cost-efficient system controlling community litter. Adhesive stickers were randomly placed on existing litt…

Prompts and Posted Feedback: In Search of an Effective Method of Litter Control

Articles
Dixon, R. S., Knott, T., Rowsell, H. & Sheldon, L. (1992). Prompts and posted feedback: In search of an effective method of litter control. Behaviour Change, 9, 1, 2-7.
Compared the effectiveness of prompts (PRs [signs]) and posted feedback (PFB) as litter control strategies in 2 university cafeterias. Patronage and litter rates were monitored da…

The Effects of Litter on Littering Behavior in a Forest Environment

Articles
Crump, S. L., Nunes, D. L. & Crossman, E. K. (1977). The effects of litter on littering behavior in a forest environment. Environment and Behavior, 9, 1, 137-146.
Investigated the effects of litter already present within an area on littering behavior in a forest setting for a period of 4 successive Fridays. The 1st and 3rd Fridays were used…

Increasing Desired Waste Disposals with Instructions

Articles
Geller, E. S. (1975). Increasing desired waste disposals with instructions. Man Environment Systems, 5, 2, 125-128.
In 2 experiments, handbills were distributed to individuals entering a movie theater and grocery store, respectively. 20% more handbills were deposited in the trash cans and ash t…

The A, B, C of Litter Control

Articles
Keenan, M. (1996). The A, B, C of litter control. Irish Journal of Psychology, 17, 4, 327-339.
Examines general issues regarding the nature of behavioral psychology, and concepts of applied behavioral analysis. It is argued that behavior analysis can play a pivotal role in …

Prompting Anti-Litter Behaviors

Articles
Geller, E. S. (1973). Prompting anti-litter behaviors. Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 907-908.
Gave a handbill to Ss entering a grocery store and 2 movie theaters. The handbills either did or did not contain a general or specific antilitter statement. Paper cups of lemonade…
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