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Shame and Embarrassment as Deterrents to Noncompliance with the Law: The Case of an Antilittering Campaign

Articles
Grasmick, H. G., Bursik, R. J. & Kinsey, K. A. (1991). Shame and embarrassment as deterrents to noncompliance with the law: The case of an antilittering campaign. Environment and Behavior, 23, 2, 233-251.
Presents data supporting the hypothesis that threats of shame, a self-imposed punishment, and threats of embarrassment, a socially imposed punishment, function much like threats o…

Responding to Environmental Concerns: What Factors Guide Individual Action?

Articles
Axelrod, L. J. & Lehman, D. R. (1993). Responding to environmental concerns: What factors guide individual action? . Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13, 2, 149-159.
Examined the motivational role played by 3 classes of outcomes (tangible rewards, social acceptance, and acting in accordance with one's principles) in predicting environmentally …

Environmental Interventions for Litter Control

Articles
Geller, E. S., Witmer, J. F. & Tuso, M. A. (1977). Environmental interventions for litter control.. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 3, 344-351.
In 2 experiments, customers entering a grocery store were given a handbill listing specially priced items, and later the disposal locations of handbills left in the store were rec…

The Effects of Environmental Concern on Environmentally Friendly Consumer Behavior: An Exploratory Study

Articles
Minton, A. P. & Rose, R. L. (1997). The effects of environmental concern on environmentally friendly consumer behavior: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Research, 40, 1, 37-48.
Examined the relative effects of environmental concern (a general attitude) and social norms pertaining to concern for the environment on 3 consumer behaviors and 6 behavioral int…

Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions of Agricultural Workers toward Disposable Protective Coveralls

Articles
Perkins, H. M., Crown, E. M., Rigakis, K. B. & Eggertson, B. S. (1992). Attitudes and behavioral intentions of agricultural workers toward disposable protective coveralls. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 11, 1, 67-73.
Examined the behavior intentions (BVIs) of 244 grain farmers (aged 22-65 yrs) regarding the use of disposable coveralls using M. Fishbein and I. Ajzen's (1980) theory of reasoned …

The Evaluation of Litter Behavior Modification in a River Environment

Articles
Wagstaff, M. C. & Wilson, B. E. (1988). The evaluation of litter behavior modification in a river environment. Journal of Environmental Education, 20, 1, 39-44.
Evaluated the use of behavioral techniques in modifying the litter collection behavior of commercial rafting groups. 87 treatment Ss and 76 control Ss participated. A verbal appea…

Norms of Social Conduct and the Foot-in-the-Door

Articles
Kilbourne, B. K. & Kilbourne, M. T. (1984). Norms of social conduct and the foot-in-the-door. Journal of Social Psychology, 123, 1, 13-20.
Using an account analysis (giving excuses or justifications for compliance or noncompliance) to indicate the operation of social norms, the foot-in-the-door (FITD) paradigm was in…

The Effects of Litter on Littering Behavior in a Forest Environment

Articles
Crump, S. L., Nunes, D. L. & Crossman, E. K. (1977). The effects of litter on littering behavior in a forest environment. Environment and Behavior, 9, 1, 137-146.
Investigated the effects of litter already present within an area on littering behavior in a forest setting for a period of 4 successive Fridays. The 1st and 3rd Fridays were used…

The Transsituational Influence of Social Norms

Articles
Reno, R. R., Cialdini, R. B. & Kallgren, C. A. (1993). The transsituational influence of social norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 1, 104-112.
Three studies examined the behavioral implications of a conceptual distinction between 2 types of social norms: descriptive norms, which specify what is typically done in a given …

Littering as a Function of Prior Litter and the Presence or Absence of Prohibitive Signs

Articles
Reiter, S. M. & Samuel, W. (1980). Littering as a function of prior litter and the presence or absence of prohibitive signs . Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 10, 1, 45-55.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect on littering behavior of (1) two ways of antilitter signs and (2) the condition of the environment (littered vs. unlit…
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